The UK grid connection process involves applying to a Distribution Network Operator (DNO) or National Grid, receiving a formal connection offer, and completing any required infrastructure works before energisation. For most projects, the process takes between 12 and 36 months depending on complexity and grid constraints.
Key Stages
1. Feasibility & Site Assessment
- Identify connection points
- Assess available capacity
2. Application Submission
- G98 (small systems)
- G99 (larger generation projects)
3. Connection Offer
- Costs
- Timeline
- Required works
4. Acceptance
- Payment of fees
- Securing queue position
5. Design & Construction
- Substations
- Cabling
- Reinforcement works
6. Testing & Energisation
- Compliance checks
- Final connection
DNO vs IDNO vs National Grid
- DNOs (Distribution Network Operators): Own and operate the regional electricity distribution networks and issue connection offers.
- IDNOs (Independent Distribution Network Operators): Privately owned network operators that can adopt and operate new network assets (e.g. contestable works) and, in some cases, provide alternative points of connection via their networks.
- National Grid (Transmission Operator): Manages the high-voltage transmission network for large-scale connections.
Why IDNOs matter:
- Can adopt contestable assets delivered by a NERS accredited ICP, potentially reducing long-term liabilities for developers.
- May offer alternative connection routes where DNO capacity is constrained.
- Can improve commercial flexibility on certain projects.
Common Challenges
- Grid capacity shortages
- Long queue times
- High reinforcement costs
Industry Insight
Many projects stall after receiving a connection offer due to unexpected reinforcement costs or planning delays.
FAQs
What is a grid connection offer?
A formal document outlining how your project can connect, including costs and timelines.
What is the difference between G98 and G99?
G98 applies to smaller systems; G99 is required for larger or more complex generation.
Can I use an ICP instead of a DNO?
Yes, NERS accredited ICPs can design and deliver much of the connection infrastructure.